Taxonymy....nymy? (flowers)

Okay, yes, I have a lot of flower-name posts already. But, despite all those, I'm sure I can find more (plus, it's my birthday and I wanna).

[Previous "Taxonymy....nymy" posts: butterflies, ferns, seabirds & shorebirds, songbirds, trees]

I will try to avoid names I've mentioned on here before, especially more well-known names, but some are just too pretty to omit. :) I will also be omitting flowering trees, since most of those were already mentioned on my aforementioned trees post, as well as orchids, because they deserve their own list.

(all names are genera unless otherwise specified)

• Acaena
• Adriana
• Alcea
• Aletris
• Alisma
• Allium
• Althaea
• Alyxia
• Ambrosina
• Anticlea
• Aristaloe
• Aristea
• Astelia
• Astonia
• Bellevalia
• Caesia
• Calathea (also common name)
• Calla
• Callisia
• Calluna
• Calydorea
• Canna (also common name)
• Carex
• Carlina
• Cassiope
• Celosia
• Cistanthe
• Cleome
• Cleomella (also common name)
• Clivia
• Cordia
• Cressa
• Cyanella
• Danae
• Dianella
• Dioclea
• Elettaria
• Eurybia
• Genista
• Gloriosa
• Halenia
• Hestia
• Inula
• Ismene
• Iva
• Ixia
• Ixora
• Jovellana
• Lanaria
• Liatris
• Lilaea (also common name)
• Lilium
• Liriope
• Lissanthe
• Menodora
• Milla
• Muilla (also common name)
• Moraea
• Nerine (also common name)
• Nicandra
• Nolina
• Ottelia
• Paris
• Pereskia
• Philesia
• Phycella
• Rivina
• Roseling (common name)
• Ruscus
• Scilla
• Silene
• Solandra
• Stellaria
• Tacca
• Triantha
• Tulista
• Velleia
• Vellozia
• Xyris
• Ypsilandra
• Zenobia
• Zephyra
• Zizia

You're a Star, pt. 3

I've already done a post on named stars, as well as one on names that mean 'star'. However, that overlooks one very narrow category of stellar names: those referring to one specific star--in this case, the morning and evening star (both are actually Venus, but let's not get too semantic). ;)

Danica and Lucifer are probably the only ones familiar in the US, but there are a quite a few others....
(surprisingly, most of the names I found are commonly used on people; the few that are mainly mythological/literary are marked with an *. Also, almost all the names refer to the morning star--or Venus in general--the ones referring to only the evening star are noted as such)

Feminine:

• Arusiak (ah-ROOS-yak, Armenian)--also transliterated as Arusyak. 
• Aušrinė (oh-SHREEN-ay [trilled/rolled R], Lithuanian)
• Ayelet (ah-YEH-let, Hebrew)--lit. "gazelle". 'Ayelet hashachar ("gazelle of dawn") is the Hebrew name for the morning star.
• Berlewen (behr-LEOO-en ['EOO' roughly sounds like the short 'e' of English "let" and the short 'oo' of "took" smashed together], Cornish)--a modern revival Cornish name. Another form is Borlowen* (bor-LOO-en). 
• Danica (DAN-ik-ah, English; DAH-neets-ah, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovenian)
• Jitřenka (yih-TRZHENK-ah [no close English equivalent for the ř, sort of a buzzy rolled R], Czech)
• Lucero (loo-SEH-roh, Spanish)--lit. "light-giver, brilliance". Lucero del alba ("light-giver of dawn") is the Spanish name for the morning star. 
• Quetzalli (ket-SAHL-lee, Nahuatl)--lit. "feather". Quetzalcoatl is the god of the morning star in Aztec mythology. Modern Spanish spelling is Quetzali.
• Sagal (sah-GAL, Somali)
• Vakarinė* (vah-kah-REE-nay [trilled/rolled R], Lithuanian) [evening]
• Zornitsa (zor-NEET-sah, Bulgarian)
• Zorya* (ZOHR-yah, Russian, Ukrainian)--lit. "dawn". Zorya Vechernyaya and Zorya Utrennyaya are the goddesses of the evening star and morning star, respectively, in Slavic mythology.
  [related names Zora/Zoran/Zorana are common in the Slavic languages]

Masculine:

• Ēarendel* (AYR-en-del, Old English)--Old Norse form is Aurvandil* (AWR-vahn-dil). Orentil*, Orendel*, and Erentil* are related names found in medieval German literature.
  [Tolkien fans might notice the similarity between Ēarendel and Eärendil--well, Tolkien was an Old English scholar. ;) ]
• Lucifer* (LOO-sif-er, [anglicized] Latin)--lit. "bringer of light"
• Tariq (TAH-rik, Arabic)--lit. "knocker, striker"
• Tāwera (TAH-weh-rah, Maori)
• Vesper* (VES-per, [anglicized] Latin)--Original Greek form is Hesperos*. [evening]

Unisex:

• Khwezi (KWEH-zee, Zulu)
• Tsolmon (TSAHL-mun, Mongolian)

Taxonymy...nymy? (Seabirds & Shorebirds)

Oh, I miss the beach. While I wouldn't recommend 'booby' or 'haematopus', there are some really nice-sounding seabird names. :)
Oddly, unlike the butterflies or the songbirds, only a few seem to be based on human given names or surnames.

(all are genera, unless specified as common name)

• Aethia
• Agamia
• Alca
• Alle
• Aphriza
• Ardea
• Ardenna
• Ardeola
• Arenaria
• Avocet (common name)
• Calidris
• Cormorant (common name)
• Curlew (common name)
• Diomedea
• Dunlin (common name)
• Egretta
• Esacus
• Fregata
• Fulmar (common name)
• Gannet (common name)
• Guillemot (common name)
• Heron (common name)
• Ibis (common name)
• Jacana (common name)
• Larus
• Limosa
• Lugensa
• Morus
• Murrelet (common name)
• Petrel (common name)
• Phaethon
• Rissa
• Skua (common name)
• Sula
• Thalassoica
• Umbrette (common name)
• Vanellus
• Xema

Taxonymy....nymy? (ferns)

Fern is kind of an odd name if you think about it. I mean, we don't call kids 'Algae' or 'Angiosperm' or 'Conifer' (although...Conifer could actually kind of work).
Ferns are a unique group of plants--they're complex with many different specialized cells, but don't have seeds or flowers, and instead reproduce with spores, like algae & fungi.
They're also not as large a group as the flowering plants, but I bet we can still find some fun potential names. :)
(all are genera, not common names)

• Azolla
• Ceradenia
• Christella
• Cyathea
• Danaea
• Davallia
• Drynaria
• Kaulinia
• Lindsaea
• Llavea
• Marattia
• Marsilea
• Matonia
• Mickelia
• Mohria
• Oleandra
• Onoclea
• Osmunda
• Paesia
• Pellaea
• Pteris
• Ptisana
• Rumohra
• Salvinia
• Vittaria

Taxonymy....nymy? (trees)

Time for some more theoretical fun! Previously I found some songbird and butterfly genera that I thought might make decent human names (many are actually based on given names or surnames anyway), and today's post will feature trees and shrubs :)
(all are genera, unless specified as a common name)

• Acacia (also common name)
• Acer
• Agathis
• Aloe
• Annona
• Aralia
• Aronia
• Ash (common name)
• Aspen (common name)
• Camellia
• Canella
• Carya
• Cassia
• Castanea
• Cedrela
• Cedrus
• Ceiba
• Chione
• Clethra
• Cordia
• Cordyline
• Corylus
• Cydonia
• Cyrilla
• Daphne
• Durio
• Durian (common name)
• Duranta
• Erica
• Erythrina
• Eugenia
• Hawthorn (common name)
• Ilex
• Inga
• Kalmia
• Larix
• Laurel (common name)
• Laurus
• Linden (common name)
• Lyonia
• Magnolia (also common name)
• Melia
• Meryta
• Morinda (also common name)
• Myrica
• Myrsine
• Myrtle (common name)
• Nerium
• Nolina
• Nyssa
• Olea
• Persea
• Phoenix
• Plumeria
• Ravenea
• Rhus
• Robinia
• Rowan (common name)
• Sabal
• Savia
• Senna (also common name)
• Serenoa
• Sophora
• Suriana
• Tamarisk (common name)
• Tamarix
• Tilia
• Viburnum (also common name)
• Willow (common name)

Women of Space

At first this post was just going to feature the names of women who've been in space, but since part of my inspiration was the amazing Katherine Johnson, that just didn't seem right (the other inspiration was explaining to my 8-year-old why Valentina Kerman is named Valentina).
And so, here's a list of women from space-exploration history. :)
(with a surprisingly few number of repeating names!)

Female astronauts who've been in space:

• Anna (Lee Fisher)
• Anousheh (Ansari*--first Iranian-American)
• Barbara (Morgan)
• Bonnie (J. Dunbar)
• Catherine (Coleman)
• Chiaki (Mukai*--first Japanese woman)
• Claudie (Haigneré*--first French woman)
• Dorothy (Metcalf-Lindburger)
• Eileen (Collins*--first female Shuttle pilot and commander)
• Ellen (S. Baker, Ochoa*--first Hispanic woman)
• Heidemarie (Stefanyshyn-Piper)
• Helen (Sharman*--first Briton)
• Jan (Nancy Jan Davis)
• Janet (L. Kavandi)
• Janice (E. Voss)
• Joan (Higginbotham)
• Judith (Resnik*--first Jewish-American woman)
• Julie (Payette)
• Kalpana (Chawla*--first Indian-American)
• Karen (L. Nyburg)
• Kathryn (P. Hire, D. Sullivan, C. Thornton)
• Laurel (B. Clark)
• Linda (M. Godwin)
• Lisa (Nowak)
• Liu (Yang*--first Chinese woman)
• Mae (Jemison*--first African-American woman)
• Margaret (Rhea Seddon)
• Marsha (Ivins)
• Mary (L. Cleave, E. Weber)
• "Megan" (Katherine Megan McArthur)
• Millie (Hughes-Fulford)
• Nancy (J. Curry)
• Naoko (Yamazaki)
• Nicole (P. Stott)
• Pamela (Melroy)
• Peggy (Whitson)
• Roberta (Bondar--first Canadian woman)
• Sally (Ride*--first American woman)
• Samantha (Cristoforetti*--first Italian woman)
• Sandra (Magnus)
• Shannon (Lucid, Walker)
• Stephanie (Wilson)
• Sunita (Williams)
• Susan (J. Helms, Kilrain)
• Svetlana (Savitskaya*--first woman to spacewalk, as well as make multiple space trips)
• Tamara (E. Jurnigan)
• Tracy (Caldwell Dyson)
• Valentina (Tereshkova*--first woman in space)
• Wang (Yaping)
• Wendy (B. Lawrence)
• Yelena (Kondakova, Serova)
• Yi (So-yeon*--first Korean)

Other notable women:

The 'Mercury 13'--a group of female pilots who independently took the first phases of astronaut testing, hoping to prove that women could go to space--

• Bernice (Steadman) 
• Gene Nora (Stumbough)
• Irene (Leverton)
• Jane (Hart)
• Janet (Dietrich)
• Jean (Hixson)
• "Jerri" (Geraldine Sloan)
• "Jerrie" (Geraldyn Cobb)
• Marion (Dietrich)
• Myrtle (Cagle)
• Rhea (Hurrle)
• Sarah (Gorelick)
• "Wally" (Mary Wallace Funk)

The original Soviet female candidates (minus the previously mentioned Valentina Tereshkova)--

• Irina (Solovyova)
• Tatyana (Kuznetsova)
• Valentina (Ponomaryova)
• Zhanna (Yorkina)

In NASA--

• Irene (D. Long--first female chief medical officer at Kennedy S.C.)
• Jocelyn (Gill--NASA in-flight science chief, 1961-73)
• Katherine (Johnson--probably the most well-known of NASA's "human computers")
• Susan (G. Finley--started as a computer; currently the longest-serving woman at NASA: 1958-present)

Just a small sampling, of course! NASA currently has several female astronaut candidates, scheduled or waiting a turn, and many also retired without getting their chances; and of course NASA today employs many, many women in a  variety of positions. And I definitely didn't have room for the full list of NASA's "human computers", many of whom were African-American, but you can find one here: CRGIS. :)

Taxonymy.....nymy? (Songbirds)

A while back, I went looking for taxonomic names that can work as (or already are!) people-names, starting with butterflies. Now it's time for songbirds! We already have Robin, Lark, Wren, & Sparrow; and I bet we can find others. :)
(all are genera, unless specified as common name)

• Acanthis
• Alaemon
• Alauda
• Alcippe
• Alethe
• Allenia
• Amadina
• Anthus
• Arremon
• Atticora
• Cardellina
• Cardinal (common name)
• Carduelis
• Certhia
• Cettia
• Chrysomma
• Cinnyris
• Curaeus
• Cyornis
• Dunnock (common name)
• Elminia
• Emberiza
• Eminia
• Estrilda
• Euphonia
• Finch (common name)
• Galerida
• Heleia
• Hylia
• Hyliota
• Iduna
• Iole
• Irania
• Jery (common name)
• Junco 
• Leonardina
• Linaria
• Linnet (common name)
• Malia
• Martin (common name)
• Minla
• Mino
• Mirafra
• Munia
• Myna (common name)
• Nesillas
• Nicator
• Oenanthe
• Palila (common name)
• Palmeria
• Parus
• Petronia
• Pipit (common name)
• Prinia
• Prunella
• Quelea
• Regulus
• Remiz
• Rukia
• Sialia
• Sylvia
• Tanager (common name)
• Tersina
• Tesia
• Tiaris
• Timalia
• Verdin (common name)
• Weaver (common name)
• Yuhina

Taxonomy...-nymy?

It never ceases to amaze me how many names are also animal genera. Quite a few taxonomic names might make good people-names, too, it turns out.
Many of these of course have other references, but what do they all have in common? They're butterflies!

• Adelpha
• Aella
• Alaena
• Aldania
• Alenia
• Alesa
• Allora
• Amauris
• Anetia
• Aphrissa
• Arcas
• Archon
• Ariadne
• Aricia
• Arita
• Arletta
• Arnetta
• Aurina
• Bia
• Brenthis
• Bruna
• Calisto
• Calliana
• Caria
• Castilia
• Catia
• Cethosia
• Charis
• Colias
• Cordelia
• Coreana
• Cressida
• Cyrenia
• Dion
• Dione
• Drucina
• Elina
• Elodina
• Enantia
• Erynnis
• Eucheira
• Euthalia
• Glennia
• Greta
• Herona
• Iliana
• Imelda
• Inessa
• Iolana
• Iridana
• Issoria
• Jera
• Joanna
• Juditha
• Justinia
• Kallima
• Leona
• Levina
• Losaria
• Lucia
• Lucida
• Lycas
• Lysandra
• Marela
• Mathania
• Memphis
• Micandra
• Milena
• Miyana
• Morys
• Myrina
• Myrinia
• Nelia
• Nessaea
• Nicolaea
• Ocaria
• Odina
• Oleria
• Olynthus
• Palla
• Pamela
• Patia
• Patricia
• Phaedra
• Pierella
• Pontia
• Ravenna
• Rohana
• Sabina
• Sephisa
• Sovia
• Suniana
• Teria
• Terra
• Thecla
• Thereus
• Thessia
• Thisbe
• Timelaea
• Trina
• Una
• Urbanus
• Vanessa
• Viola
• Yramea
• Yvretta
• Zaretis
• Zea
• Zela
• Zera
• Zerene
• Zintha

Volcanoes!

You can thank my 7-year-old's obsession for this list. While watching a documentary on Icelandic volcanoes, I couldn't help but notice how interesting many of the names are. And so, another just-for-fun name post is born.
(note: none of these have done any major or modern destruction. :) )

• Amiata (ahm-YAH-tah)--Italy
• Dutton (DUT-ton)--USA
• Elbrus (EL-brus)--Russia
• Genovesa (hen-oh-VEH-sah, jen-oh-VEH-zah)--Ecuador ['Genoese' in Spanish & Portuguese]
• Graciosa (grah-see-OH-zah)--Portugal ['graceful, elegant' in Portuguese]
• Iraya (ee-RAH-yah)--Philippines
• Ischia (EES-kyah)--Italy
• Kaena (kah-eh-nah)--USA ['the heat' in Hawaiian]
• Katla (KAHT-lah)--Iceland [from Old Norse, 'helmet'] *a feminine name in Iceland
• Krýsuvík (KREE-soo-veek)--Iceland. Also spelled Krísuvík. 
• Yali (yah-LEE)--Greece. Also spelled Gyali or Yiali. ['glass' in Greek]
• Yelia (YEH-lee-ah)--Papua New Guinea
• Zimina (zee-MEE-nah)--Russia

Elemental Names (or Nominal Elements?)

I admit, I'm always looking for ways to make fun namesake posts. I already did female scientists (nowhere near a comprehensive list), and have been looking for some way to do a more guy-centered list about science--difficult, since well, there have been quite a few more male scientists than female, and they've gotten much more attention for their works.
I think I found a fun way, though: here are the people--male, female; fictional or real--who've had elements named for them (albeit occasionally in a round-about way). :)

• Albert Einstein--German physicist; Einsteinium (Es, 99)
• Alfred Nobel--Swedish chemist; Nobelium (No, 102)
• Cadmus (m)--figure in Greek mythology; Cadmium (Cd, 48)
• Ceres--Roman goddess; Cerium (Ce, 58)
• Dmitri Mendeleev--Russian chemist; Mendelevium (Md, 101)
• Enrico Fermi--Italian physicist; Fermium (Fm, 100)
• Ernest Lawrence--American physicist; Lawrencium (Lr, 103)
• Ernest Rutherford--British physicist; Rutherfordium (Rf, 104)
• Glenn T. Seaborg--American chemist; Seaborgium (Sg, 106)
• Iris--Greek goddess; Iridium (Ir, 77)
• Johan Gadolin--Finnish chemist; Gadolinium (Gd, 64)
• Lise Meitner--Austrian physicist; Meitnerium (Mt, 109)
• Marie Curie--French chemist; Curium (Cm, 96)
• Mercury--Roman god; Mercury (Hg, 80)
• Neptune--Roman god; Neptunium (Np, 93)
• Nicolaus Copernicus--Polish astronomer; Copernicium (Cn, 112)
• Niels Bohr--Danish physicist; Bohrium (Bh, 107)
• Niobe (f)--figure in Greek mythology; Niobium (Nb, 41)
• Pallas--alternate name for the goddess Athena; Palladium (Pd, 46)
• Pierre Curie--French chemist; Curium (Cm, 96)
• Pluto--Greek god; Plutonium (Pu, 94)
• Prometheus--Greek god; Promethium (Pm, 61)
• Tantalus (m)--figure in Greek mythology; Tantalum (Ta, 73)
• Thor--Norse god; Thorium (Th, 90)
• Uranus--Greek god; Uranium (U, 92)
• Vanadis--alternate name for the goddess Freyja; Vanadium (V, 23)
• Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets--Russian mining engineer; Samarium (Sm, 62)
• Wilhelm Roentgen--German physicist; Roentgenium (Rg, 111)

I admit, I was expecting more historical figures, and fewer mythological ones. Hmmph.

A Few Gems

Woo! Time for another theoretical names post (I have a lot of fun with these).
Lots of gemstone- & other mineralogical-type names are/have been used in English. Ruby, Jasper, Jade, Opal, Pearl, Amber, Emery, & Coral are all pretty recognizable, and several more have been in rarer use as well--Amethyst, Garnet, Celestine, Diamond, Emerald, Sapphire, Topaz, Hyacinth, Beryl.
And so, here are a few more gems & minerals that could be used as names, IMO.

• Agate (AG-at, English; ah-GAHT, French)
• Ametrine (AM-eh-treen)
• Barytes (bah-RYE-teez) [archaic]
• Cadmia (KAD-mee-ah) [archaic]
• Chalcedony (kal-SED-oh-nee)
• Citrine (SIT-reen, SIT-rin)
• Covelline (KOH-vel-leen)
• Euclase (YOO-clays)
• Galena (gah-LEE-nah, gah-LEH-nah)
• Jacinth (JAY-sinth, jah-SINTH)
• Olivine (OL-ih-veen)
• Peridot (PEHR-ih-doh, PEHR-ih-dot)
• Tourmaline (TOHR-mah-leen, TOOR-mah-leen)

Gemstones in other languages (asterisks indicate established names):

• Ágata (AH-gah-tah, Spanish, Portuguese, Galician)--"agate". Italian is Agata (ah-GAH-tah) [also a form of Agatha].
• Ametista (ah-meh-TEES-tah, Italian)--"amethyst". Spanish is Amatista.
• Azurita (ah-soo-REE-tah, Spanish)--"azurite"
• Berillo (beh-REEL-loh, Italian)--"beryl"
• Biyu (bee-yoo, Mandarin [碧玉])--"jasper" [lit. "blue jade"]
• Lazurit (lah-ZOO-reet, Russian [лазурит])--"lapis lazuli". Japanese is Ruri (roo-ree) [ 琉璃--lit. "sulfur(?) glass"]
• Maragda (mah-RAHG-dah, Catalan)--"emerald". Spanish & Portuguese is Esmeralda* (fem).
• Mercan* (mehr-JAHN, Turkish, feminine)--"coral"
• Meripihka (MEHR-ih-pihh-kah, [the H is not silent] Finnish)--"amber"
• Nilam* (NEE-lam, Hindi, unisex)--"sapphire". Portuguese is Safira.
• Olivina (oh-lee-VEE-nah, Italian)--"olivine, peridot"
• Rubin (roo-BEEN, Czech, Danish, Dutch, German....)--"ruby". Italian is Rubino* (masculine).
• Yeşim* (yeh-SHEEM, Turkish, feminine)--"jade". Italian is Giada* (JAH-dah, feminine); Russian is Nefrit (NEH-freet) [нефрит].

Brainy Girls

Having a good namesake is always a plus. Of course, academically-inspired names for boys abound--up until the last century or so, women in the sciences were pretty rare (and often given less credibility than their male colleagues). While many of these names are unknown today, most were quite renowned in their time.
And do I freely admit to being selective in this list by attempting to include as many fields, and unusual names, as possible. (there are so, so many more noteworthy Marias & Marys especially, as well as female physicians & astronomers!)

• Abella (medicine, 1300s)*
• Augusta Ada Lovelace (mathematics, d. 1852; constructed algorithms to be processed by a colleague's "analytical engine", and is thus considered the first computer programmer)
• Aglaonike/Aganice (astronomy, ≈200 BC; known for predicting lunar eclipses)
• Agnodice (medicine/midwifery, ≈400 BC)
• Anna Ǻkerhjelm (archaeology, d. 1693; posthumously ennobled for her work)
• Anna Atkins (botany, d. 1871; authored first photographically-illustrated book)
• Anna Morandi Manzolini (anatomy, d. 1774)
• Annie Jump Cannon (astronomy, d. 1941; co-created Harvard star classification system)
• Astrid Cleve (biology, d. 1968; her 5-volume encyclopedia on Swedish & Finnish diatoms is still in use today)
• Barbara McClintock (biology, d. 1992; only woman to receive an unshared Nobel prize in medicine, for her discovery of gene transposition)
• Beatrix Potter [yes, the children's author] (mycology, d. 1943; her drawings are still used in fungus identification today)
• Caroline Herschel (astronomy, d. 1848; discoverer of several objects, including 8 comets and 14 nebulae)
• Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (astrophysics, d. 1979; determined stellar compositions by their spectra)
• Celia Grillo Boromeo (mathematics, d. 1777; said to be able to solve any mathematical problem given to her)
• Constance Calenda (optometry, 1400s)
• Dorothea Erlexben (medicine, d, 1762; first female doctor in Germany)
• Elena Cornaro Piscopia (philosophy/mathematics, d. 1684; first woman to earn a Ph.D.)
• Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell (medicine, d. 1910; first and second female doctors in the US)
• Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (medicine, d. 1917; several firsts, including first female doctor in the UK)
• Elsa Beata Bunge (botany, d. 1819)
• Ellen Swallow Richards (chemistry, d. 1911; co-founded the American Association of University Women)
• Émilie du Châtelet (physics, d. 1749; her translation/commentary of Newton's Principia Mathematica is still the French standard)
• Emily Warren Roebling (engineering, d. 1903; oversaw construction & completion of the Brooklyn Bridge after the original project leader fell ill)
• Amelie Emmy Noether (mathematics, d. 1935; a subset of algebraic structures is named for her)
• Enheduanna (astronomy/mathematics, ≈2250 BC)
• Etheldred Benett (geology, d. 1845)
• Eva Ekeblad (agronomy, d. 1786; discovered new uses for potatoes, including makeup/powder, flour, and alcohol)
• Faustina Pignatelli (physics/mathematics, d. 1785)
• Florence Bascom (geology, d. 1945; first woman to work for the USGS)
• Gerty Theresa Cori (biochemistry, d. 1957; first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in physiology/medicine)
• Saint Hildegard (botany/medicine, d. 1179)
• Henrietta Swan Leavitt (astronomy/mathematics, d. 1921; discovered Leavitt's Law, which allows accurate estimation of the distance of variable stars)
• Phoebe Sarah "Hertha" Ayrton (engineering/physics, d. 1923; first female elected member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers)
• Hypatia of Alexandria (mathematics, d. 415)
• Ida Noddack (chemistry/physics, d. 1978; first proposed/predicted the concept of nuclear fission)
• Inge Lehmann (geophysics/seismology, d. 1994; proposed the current layered-core model of the earth's interior)
• Irène Joliot-Curie (chemistry, d. 1956)
• Isala Van Diest (medicine, d. 1916; first female doctor in Belgium)
• Jane Colden (botany, d. 1766)
• Jane Sharp (midwifery, 1600s; her book is still in print today)
• Jeanne Villepreux-Power (marine biology, d. 1871; first to use aquariums to study marine life)
• Johanna Mestorf (archaeology, d. 1909)
• Katherine Blodgett (physics, d. 1979) 
• Katherine Johnson (mathematics; calculated NASA trajectories pre-computer)
• Kirstine Meyer (physics, d. 1931; founded the Danish journal of physics, Fysisk Tidsskrift)
• Laura Bassi (physics, d. 1778)
• Lise Meitner (physics, d. 1964; offered a position on the Manhattan Project, which she refused on moral grounds)
• Maria Lovisa Ǻhrborg (medicine, d. 1881; first female doctor in Sweden)
• Margaret Cavendish (natural philosophy, d. 1673)
• Margaret Eliza Maltby (physics, d. 1944)
• Maria/Mary the Jewess (alchemy/chemistry, ≈200 AD; invented several types of chemical apparatus)
• Maria Dalle Donne (medicine, d. 1842; first woman to earn a doctorate of medicine)
• Maria Gaetana Agnesi (mathematics, d. 1799)
• Maria Sibylla Merian (botany/entomology, d. 1717)
• Maria Mitchell (astronomy, d. 1889)
• Maria Telkes (physics, d. 1995; inventor of many solar & thermal devices, including a thermoelectric generator and a portable solar-powered desalinization unit)
• Marie Crous (mathematics, 1600s; introduced France to decimal system)
• Marie Curie (chemistry/physics, d. 1934; first person to get Nobel Prizes in two subjects)
• Mary Agnes Chase (botany, d. 1963)
• Mary Anning (paleontology, d. 1847)
• Mary Engle Pennington (bacteriology/engineering, d. 1952; first head of the USDA's Food Research Lab)
• Maud Menten (biochemistry, d. 1960)
• Merit-Ptah (medicine, ≈2700 BC, the earliest recorded female scientist)
• Mercuriade (medicine, 1300s)
• Nettie Stevens (genetics, d. 1912; co-discovered XY sex determination)
• Nicole-Reine Lepaute (astronomy/mathematics, d. 1788)
• Praskovya Uvarova (archaeology, d. 1924)
• Rebecca de Guarna (medicine, 1300s)
• Rosalind Franklin (biophysicist, d. 1958; helped discover the DNA double helix, her work was used by Watson and Crick)
• Sofia Kovalevskaya (mathematics, d. 1891; first woman to earn a doctorate of mathematics)
• Sophia Brahe (horticulture/astronomy, d. 1643)
• Marie-Sophie Germain (mathematics, d. 1831)
• Trotula of Salerno (gynecology, 1000s)
• Williamina Fleming (astronomy. d. 1911; discovered many objects, including 59 nebulae, 10 novae, and over 300 variable stars)
• Wang Zhenyi (astronomy, d. 1797)
• Zelia Nuttall (archaeology, d. 1933)

*If I've not listed any accomplishments, the specifics either have been lost to time, or are too complex to fit in a concise note.

Thanks to a few anonymous messages, adding some amazing women I'd initially missed!